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Kullen Lighthouse
The Kullen Lighthouse ((スウェーデン語:Kullens fyr)) is an operational lighthouse in Scania, located by the mouth of Öresund, at the point of Kullaberg peninsula, in Höganäs, on the south-west coast of Sweden. Kullen is one of the most prominent landmarks along the Swedish coastline, and with its 1000 Watt electric bulb in a huge lenshouse, also the most powerful lighthouse in Scandinavia, overlooking one of the world's most heavily traveled waters.
The lighthouse is 15 meters tall and its focal plane is located 78.5 meters above sea level (before a correction in 1992, the official height was 88.5 meters), making it the highest located lighthouse in Sweden. Every 5 seconds, the Kullen Lighthouse flashes white for 0.3 seconds with a range of . In times of fog, a foghorn provides an audible warning of a double signal every 30 seconds.
== History ==
There have been different kinds of lighthouses at Kullen for more than 1000 years, but the first conventional lighthouse was established by King Frederick II in 1561. This was a Vippefyr or bascule light. In 1577, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe became the lighthouse administrator at Kullen, a position he held until his death in 1601.〔(Tycho Brahe's lighthouse description on www.sjofartsverket.se. ) 〕 Apparently he was originally not very diligent about his duties. Complaints by merchant mariners led in 1585 to Brahe being explicitly ordered to better look after the lighthouse or lose his land at Kullaberg. That year Frederick II commissioned the Flemish architect Anthonis van Obbergen to replace the tower.〔(Lighthouses in Öresund. ) Retrieved 31 Jan 2014.〕
The present lighthouse was designed by the Swedish architect Magnus Dahlander, in 1898. It is built in granite and brick and has three large lenses in a lensehouse that rotates four times per minute, hence giving twelve flashes per minute. Based on Augustin-Jean Fresnel's design, the lensehouse was constructed by the French company Barbier & Barnard and delivered in the summer of 1900. It consists of three lenses of 2.55 m in diameter, weighs 6 metric tons and rotates on a base filled with 50 liters of mercury. The Kullen lighthouse was automated in 1979 and is remote-controlled by the Swedish Maritime Administration's check at Norrköping. However, in spite of being automated, the lighthouse is one of few remaining staffed with a lighthouse keeper.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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